The effect of demographic, social, and economic characteristics on consumer empowerment in education institutions

Main Article Content

Megawati Simanjuntak
Siti Umiyati
صندلی اداری

Abstract

Nowadays, consumers are faced with many options for formal educational institutions. To choose the best institution, consumers need to be well educated and well informed. This research aimed to analyze the influence of demographic, social, and economic characteristics toward formal educational institution consumer empowerment. This research used a cross-sectional study of 52 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The consumer’s empowerment index in this research was 54.34, which was included in the capable category. The result showed that early adult (19-24 years) females who were highly educated and were not having a job with ≤ Rp3,204,551 income per month were the most empowered group of respondents than others. Regression analysis revealed that age influenced the consumer empowerment index. T-test analysis of the consumer empowerment based on characteristics is not significantly different.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

Megawati Simanjuntak, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Megawati Simanjuntak is an Associate Professor at the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia. Her areas of specialization include consumer behavior, consumer education and protection, and consumer research. Since 2013, Megawati has been actively involved in various research on consumer empowerment, including the mapping and measurement of consumer empowerment index, formulation of instruments and identification of consumer empowerment, and survey of Consumer Empowerment Index in rural and urban areas across western, central, and eastern Indonesia region.

References

Chandrasekhar, B. V. N. G. (2012). Consumer buying behaviour and brand loyalty in rural markets. Journal of Business and Management, 4(2), 50-67. DOI: 10.9790/487X-0325067

Chaudry, I. S., & Nosheen, F. (2009). The determinants of women empowerment in Southern Punjab (Pakistan): An empirical analysis. European Journal of Social Science, 10(2).

Collard, S., De La Mata, A., Frade, C., Kempson, E., Leskinen, J., Lopes, C., Moore, N., Nicolini, G., Noel, D., Raijas, A., & Selosse, C. (2006). Consumer financial capability: Empowering European consumers. European Credit Research Institute. Available: http://www.ecri.eu/new/system/files/Fincap_Workshop_I_papers.pdf.

Cutler, T. J., & Nye, D. A. (2000). Anything but ‘empowerment’? Smokers, tar and nicotine data and cigarette design. Health, Risk, and Society, 2(1), 69-81. DOI: 10.1080/136985700111468

Damayanti, S. N. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik individu, gaya hidup, dan motivasi terhadap keberdayaan konsumen di bidang perumahan [The influence of individual characteristics, lifestyle, and motivation on consumer empowerment in the housing sector]. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/88269

Firdaus, R. A. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik sosial, demografi, dan ekonomi terhadap keberdayaan konsumen pada pembelian online [The influence of social, demographic, and economic characteristics on consumer empowerment on online purchases]. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/89750

Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A., Mirzamani, A., & Zehtabi, M. (2010). Impact model of women’s empowerment. International Business Research, 3(1), 57-65. DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v3n1p57

Handoyo, I. G. S. R., & Setiawan, P. Y. (2015). Pengaruh karakteristik demografi dan ketidakpuasan terhadap perilaku mengeluh konsumen pada bengkel service sepeda motor yamaha Diponegoro Denpasar Bali [The influence of demographic characteristics and dissatisfaction on the behavior of consumers complaining on service workshop Yamaha motorcycle Diponegoro Denpasar Bali]. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 4(10), 3317-3345. Available: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/Manajemen/article/view/14593

Heung, V. C. S., & Lam, T. (2003). Customer complaint behavior toward hotel restaurant service. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(5), 283-289. DOI: 10.1108/09596110310482209

Hunter, G. L., Harrison, T., & Waite, K. (2006). The dimensions of consumer empowerment. In Enhancing Knowledge Development in Marketing, AMA Educator’s Proceedings, 17, 207-208. Available: https://www.ama.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2006-ama-summer-proceedings.pdf

Ishak, S., & Zabil, N. F. (2012). Impact of consumer awareness and knowledge ton consumer effective behavior. Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(13), 263-296. DOI: 10.5539/ass.v8n13p108

Killackey-Jones, B, Lyle, R, Evers, W, & Tappe, M. (2004). An effective one-hour consumer-education program on knowledge, attitude, and behaviour toward functional foods. Ideas at Work, 42(1). Available: https://www.joe.org/joe/2004february/iw2.php

Lyon, P., Kinney, D., & Colquhoun, A. (2002). Experience, change and vulnerability: consumer education for older people revisited. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 26(2), 178-187. DOI: 10.1046/j.1470-6431.2002.00240.x

Midha, V. (2012). Impact of consumer empowerment on online trust: An examination across genders. Decision Support System, 54(1), 198-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2012.05.005

Mubarokah, U. (2015). Pengaruh akses pendidikan dan gaya hidup terhadap keberdayaan konsumen di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan Bogor [The influence of consumer education access and lifestyle on empowered consumer in rural and urban areas of Bogor]. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/92661

Nardo, M., Loi, M., & Rosati, R., Manca, A. (2011). The consumer empowerment index: A measure of skills, awareness and engagement of Europeun Consumers. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 24791 EN-2011.

National Commission On Human Rights. (2014). Laporan Data Tahunan [Annual Data Report]. National Commission on Human Rights. Available: https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/laporan/2017/03/21/25/laporan-tahunan-komnas-ham-tahun-2014-indonesia.html

National Commission On Human Rights. (2015). Laporan Data Pengaduan [Complaint Data Report]. National Commission on Human Rights Available: https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/data-pengaduan/2016/01/01/12/laporan-data-pengaduan-tahun-2015.html

National Commission On Human Rights. (2016). Laporan Tahunan Bagian Dukungan Pelayanan Pengaduan Tahun 2016 [2016 Annual Report of the Complaint Service Support Section]. National Commission on Human Rights. Available: https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/data-pengaduan/2017/12/06/28/laporan-tahunan-bagian-dukungan-pelayanan-pengaduan-tahun-2016.html

Ngai, E. W. T., Heung, V. C. S., Wong, Y. H., & Chan, F. K. Y. (2007). Consumer complaint behaviour of Asians and non-Asians about hotel services an empirical analysis. Europeun Journal of Marketing, 41(11). DOI: 10.1108/03090560710821224

Putri, S. A. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik demografi, sosial, dan ekonomi terhadap keberdayaan konsumen produk elektronik [The influence of demographic, social, and economic characteristics on consumer empowerment of electronic products]. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/90275

Rahman, M. H., & Naoroze, K. (2007). Women empowerment through participation in aquaculture: experience of a large scale technology demonstration project in Bangladesh. Journal of Social Science, 3(4), 164-171. DOI: 10.3844/jssp.2007.164.171

Saniya, R. U. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik demografi, sosial, dan ekonomi serta akses media pendidikan konsumen terhadap keberdayaan konsumen di bidang transportasi umum [The effect of demographic, social and economic characteristics, and access to consumer education media on consumer empowerment in the field of public transportation]. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/89759

Shibly, H. A. (2009). A characterisation of consumer empowerment drawn from three views of power. ABAC Journal, 29(3), 65-74. Available: http://www.abacjournal.au.edu/2009/sep09/05_Characterisation.pdf

Simanjuntak, M. (2014). Tingkat keberdayaan dan strategi pemberdayaan konsumen [Level of empowerment and consumer empowerment]. Dissertation. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/70073

Simanjuntak, M., Amanah, S., Puspitawati, H., & Asngari, P. (2014). Modelling consumer empowerment level. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 5(2), 109-119. DOI: 10.20885/ejem.vol5.iss2.art4

Simanjuntak, M., & Yuliati, L. N. (2016). Indeks Keberdayaan Konsumen di 13 Provinsi di Indonesia 2016 [Consumer Empowerment Index in 13 Provinces in Indonesia 2016] (Research Report). Bogor Agricultural University.

Sofyan, A. I. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik sosio-demografi, gaya hidup dan persepsi resiko terhadap keberdayaan konsumen di bidang asuransi kesehatan. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/88248

Sudaryatmo. (1996). Masalah perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.

Sumiyati, S., & Fatmasari, R. (2006). Consumer foundation role in providing protection for consumers. Jurnal Pena Wiyata: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Humaniora, 5(9). DOI: 10.24156/jikk.2012.5.2.166

Tayde, V., & Chole, R. (2010). Empowerment appraisal of rural women in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu, 10(1), 33-36. Available: http://www.seea.org.in/vol10-1-2010/08.pdf

Tuty, D. W. N., Widiyanti, E., & Utami, B. W. (2017). Korelasi faktor pembentuk persepsi dengan persepsi konsumen terhadap media pemasaran online (www.goodplant.co.id) [Correlation of perception forming factors with consumer perceptions of online marketing media (www.goodplant.co.id)]. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 32(2), 108-115. DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v32i2.14996

Yuliati, L. N., Retnaningsih, & Aprilia, D. (2012). Pengaruh kelompok acuan terhadap kesadaran dan konsumsi beras merah (Oryza nivara) [The influence of reference groups on awareness and consumption of brown rice (Oryza nivara)]. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 5(2), 166-174. DOI: 10.24156/jikk.2012.5.2.166

Most read articles by the same author(s)

فروشگاه اینترنتی