COMPARATIVE ANALYZES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS BETWEEN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND SMART CITIES APPROACHES: THE NEW SOCIETY ECOSYSTEM

Today the growth of modern cities is unprecedented in the history of urbanization and the urban environmental problems have also been increased. Unfortunately, we do not have much time to correct past failures, improve the status quo and ensure the protection of environment. Consequently, developing sustainable urban planning is important and its role in urban management issues is an objective that requires new approaches. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 (I.4.0), also called the 4th Industrial Revolution, carries impacts in the production in companies, as well as in the economy and society, with disruptive character, creating new markets and destabilizing the traditional way of doing business. Once I.4.0 is a strategic approach to the integration of advanced control systems with internet technology, enabling communication between people, products and complex systems, it is expected to follow the same in the Smart Cities development.


INTRODUCTION
The Industrial Revolution is a movement of humanity's evolutionary nature process (GERLITZ, 2015). The 4 th Industrial Revolution, being called "Industry 4.0", had its name coined in 2011 in Germany (originally  Roblek et al. (2016), Lom et al. (2016), Kummitha and Crutzen (2017), Ahvenniemi et al. (2017) and Basiri et al. (2017), Trilogy based on Technology, Government and Society, introduces the features of a Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Living and Smart Governance, in which the main goal is to ensure the sustainability of cities, improving the quality of life and security of their citizens, and provide maximum energy efficiency, using the contribution of the latest technologies, impacting on those six mentioned key areas.

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)
http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.792 The purpose of this article is, in an unprecedented way to the best of our knowledge, to identify the relations of the Smart Cities development dimensions approach with "Industry 4.0" revolution, its common technological tools, and the relevance on boosting a "new" Smart Cities concept, as a guidance to the managers for a strategic development orientation.
Despite not being a specific I.4.0 technique, we have contextualized ICT to better understand some approaches in this study and the application in I.4.0. We can consider a wide range of tools, such as: IoT, IoS, IoD, Cyber Security, Cloud Computing, Big Data & Analytics, Data Mining, BI, etc. IoT requires highly scalable computing platforms that can manage the big IoT data in terms of processing, access and storage without affecting the performance of the application .
To understand the thematic of industrial revolutions and how I.4.0 can impact on the afore mentioned environmental, social and economic dimensions changes, can contribute to give better directions in Smart Cities development.

Smart City
According to Anthopoulos (2016), the term "Smart City" was coined in 1994, at the launch of the "Amsterdam Digital City" in Holland with the Geneva-MAN project, involving the redefinition of that metropolitan area. Basiri et al. (2017) mention that paying attention to the development of sustainable urban planning is important, and its role in urban management issues is an objective that requires a new approach to urban planning. The concept of smart cities already holds the potential to address aspects of the sustainability challenge by promoting citizens' participation, developing innovative and smart solutions for sustainability, increasing efficiency in city systems, and adopting a transparent and inclusive governance system. Many definitions of smart cities exist, and a range of conceptual variants is often obtained by replacing "smart" with alternative adjectives, for example, "intelligent or digital". Intelligence has been basically associated with the ICT-based innovation, creating a "paradox" between "smart" and "habitable", because in some Any urban context that optimizes the provision of services through technology while keeping a balance between competitiveness and sustainability can be considered a "smart" city, town, village or neighborhood. A smart strategy aims to improve the quality of life of the people using the technology as a facilitator of this process. However, we must consider that information and technology alone will not build an intelligent city, but its capacity and ability to effectively and efficiently meet the needs of its citizens (CEBREIROS; GULÍN, 2014), and according to Kagermann et al. (2013, p. 5), I.4.0 tools will, undoubtedly, give direction and solve some current global challenges, such as resources and energy efficiency, urban production and demographic change. Kourtit et al. (2017) say the advent of ICT has provided many opportunities to design and implement Smart and Sustainable Cities, sometimes also called Wired Cities (cities connected by cables and wires), intelligent cities, WIKI cities (from Wikipedia, used as a fast and light city), or digital cities. In recent years, the popular concept of "smart cities" has often been linked to advanced ICT use in cities, aiming at enhancing efficiency (e.g. competitiveness) and sustainability (e.g. energy saving).
The increased use of digital technologies in shaping and governing the modern and complex urban system, as a "cyber world", has led to an avalanche of

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)
http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.792 digital data systems, called "big data". Such data may relate to a variety of phenomena, such as: use of public facilities, traffic flows, emergency services, weather conditions, mobile phone usage, or crowd emergency, etc, often in a realtime context. Smart Cities use data e and make them available for scientific analysis and planning with a view to fostering the urban performance for the city organization itself, for the residents and for the business sector.

Dimensions of Smart Cities
According to the Global Cities Institute-GCI (2015), a city infrastructure comprises waste management, water supply, sanitation, energy, telecommunications systems and mobility networks. GCI sets, through the ISO 37120, the Global City Indicators Facility (GCIF indicator) to measure the quality, performance and resilience of services in the sustainable development of communities, which can also provide a comparison with the "smart cities" competitors.
On the other hand, many authors have been setting criteria and dimensions to identify a "Smart City", in which dimensions, techniques and tools are mixed. Gaur et al. (2015) declare that a Smart City provides an intelligent way to manage components, such as transport, health, energy, homes and buildings, and the entire environment.
According to the website "European Smart Cities 4.0 (2015)" and corroborated by many authors as we can see in the sequence, Smart City, or Intelligent City, is the one that brings together technology, government and society to introduce the following characteristics into the city: Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Living, and Smart Governance.
Approaches on other dimensions were not analyzed in this study, considering they are somehow related to the previous ones or because they have lesser importance than others, but it will need a more detailed study in the future.
As another contribution of this article, to understand the thematic and dimensions of Smart City can contribute for better use of the I.4.0 technological tools, for faster development and better results.

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)
http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.792 This article was an exploratory study based on literature review on the technological tools of "Industry 4.0" and dimensions of a "Smart City". After, we did a cross check of concepts, in which we tried to identify citations in many papers from several authors that could corroborate that the main technological tools from I.

RESULTS
In Table 1, we summarize the vision and citation of some authors related to the approaches of Smart City dimensions.
We realize that the six dimensions (indicators or figures) defined by the European Smart Cities 4.0 (2015) are among the most cited in the Table 1, in which Mobility (or Transportation) was the most mentioned with 95% of the papers, followed by Governance (or Administration, or Management) with 80%, Environment and People (or Citizen, or Communities) both with 65% and Living and Economy both with 55%. Therefore, in this study we are using the top eight defined and remarked in the table, by adding the other two more cited, Energy (or Grid) with 55% and Buildings (or Utilities) with 45%, thus forming the eight main dimensions, which will be used to analyze their interactions with the main I.4.0 tech tools. a) In this study we are using some expansion of the dimensions, trying to aggregate some similar understanding from other words and expressions.
Thus, we have considered: b) Smart Economy: everything related to economy, financial and business.   The numbers in the matrix correlation in Table 2 (1 up to 41) are related to the statements made by the authors described below, which are the motivation of this study: a) Kummitha and Crutzen (2017)   • The city will be instrumented to allow the collection of increasing amounts of data about city life;

Smart Cities dimensions -European
• The data from different sources and city systems will be available to be easily aggregated together to gain far greater insight into what is going on in the city; • In addition, analytics and decision-making systems will be used, so that this knowledge can be used effectively, both by city managers and planners, and by the citizen, to support real time decision making and enable effective actions to be identified that will enable future requirements to be met; • The city will also be automated, to enable appropriate city functions to be delivered reliably, and effectively, without the need of direct human intervention; • The city will have a network of collaborative spaces, to enable dynamic communities that will spur innovation and growth and enhance citizen well-being; and  : 10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.792 • Revealing how demands for energy, water and transportation peak at a city scale so that city managers can collaborate to smooth these peaks and to improve resilience.

DOI
The widespread use of digital sensors and digital control systems for the control and operation of urban infrastructure, including traffic sensors, building management systems, digital utility meters, and so forth, have become feasible as a result of recent progress in technology. u) Karakose and Yetis (2017): Smart City aims to achieve strong city characteristics such as economy and culture, with more efficient use of the physical infrastructure by using cyber computations such as artificial intelligence and data analytics. On the other hand, electronic platforms, which are also used for making people more active in choices about city and even country, are utilized in smart city concept. Using such platforms not only make people's life easier but also provide us data to analyze other components of smart city. So, we use Internet and mobile platforms for taking orders. With the electronically gathered information, some estimates can be made to make the production process more efficient (CPS). Furthermore, the information can be used for learning algorithms, and self-modified systems can be achieved. v) Karakose and Yetis (2017): Producing mass-customized products is more complex than producing regular ones. In order to find the optimal solutions, application software and hardware should work in harmony. Such a system depends on similar characteristics with CPS. Machines in a factory work according to pipeline method. So, when a machine works on one product, another machine works on probably another one. This makes the system responsible for managing all machines simultaneously one by one. So, the production can be shipped easily by the autonomy shipping vehicles that are a part of smart city.  http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019ISSN: 2236 from remote sites. The work on IoT-based smart environments can generally be classified into the following areas: smart cities, smart homes, smart grid, smart buildings, smart transportation, smart health, and smart industry. hh) Gaur et al. (2015): The main aim is to connect all sorts of things (sensors and IoT's) that can help in making the life of citizens more comfortable and safer.  http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019ISSN: 2236 broadband and cloud computing are key building blocks of the smart city infrastructure. kk) Caragliu et al. (2009): A recent and interesting project conducted by the Centre of Regional Science at the Vienna University of Technology identifies six main 'axes' (dimensions) along which a ranking of 70 European middle size cities can be made. These axes are: a smart economy; smart mobility; a smart environment; smart people; smart living; and, finally, smart governance.
These six axes connect with traditional regional and neoclassical theories of urban growth and development, focused on regional competitiveness, transport and ICT economics, natural resources, human and social capital, quality of life, and participation of societies in cities. (2015): From the environmental responsibility perspective, design integration and implementation in the industry 4.0 context enables organizations to introduce more environmentally friendly practices. New integrated design approaches combined with key innovation creating technologies (3D printing) have positive impact on corporation strategic orientation: from the logistical point of view, production of spare parts on demand reduces logistical practices, and thus, environmental impact. Energy and fuel consumption can be efficiently saved through reduced logistical interactions, as the need for warehouses and their integration in the supply chains become unnecessary. As a result, the environmental impact is also reduced through saved energy usage and fuels used to transport and distribute spare parts concerned. This, in turns, allows greater sustainability of product / service through material savings, reduced resource usage and ecological mindset.

DISCUSSION
We recognize Smart Cities as an innovation ecosystem for the society, towards deeper understanding of challenges and demands related to citizen's quality of life reconfiguration, based on new solutions in infrastructure and services. On the other hand, the fourth Industrial Revolution drives the implementations using many of the techniques and technological tools developed within the scope of the term industry 4.0 as a basis.

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)
http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 3, May -June 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.792 Seen in these terms, Table 3 below shows the main relationships among Smart Cities Dimensions and Technological Tools of Industry 4.0 and, especially, the main relationships identified among them by the research carried out.

CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION
The bibliographical study was limited to articles related to the subject "Industry 4.0", "Smart City", scientific articles (congresses and magazines), technical (nonscientific) magazines, Government publications and consulting available. Due to the contemporaneity of the themes, there is an opportunity for further detailed studies due to the fast-technological tools development.
This scenario stimulates the exploration of the Smart Cities as living laboratory with increasingly decentralized operations, due to the connectivity
With the need for a careful and systematic analysis in the adoption of systems and processes for the new configurations of cities, many people can be affected directly or indirectly by this living laboratory.
The disruptive models of managing services for smart citizens are embedded in an innovation ecosystem that increasingly demands ICT management, in which the knowledge-based and connected society prevails in information as a groundwork.
Therefore, Big Data Warehouse & Analytics, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Data Mining, BI and Smart Devices become the basis of all technological change allowing and stimulating other tools such as IoT, IoD, IoS in achieving full growth and development in a scalable way.
When scalability is achieved, these technological solutions become more affordable, more cost-effective, more democratically available, which amplifies and increases the capillarity of Triple Helix (companies, government agencies and researchers) actions to improve quality of life of people in general.
Following the original purpose of this article, it was identified the relations of the Smart Cities development dimensions with Industry 4.0 technological tools and their relevance as main booster for a "new" Smart Cities concept, and it was released a management guidance proposal for a strategic development orientation of a "new Smart City", taking priority with IoT, IoD and IoS.