THE REVERSE LOGISTICS IMPORTANCE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUES OF PLASTIC PACKAGING OF LUBRICANTS AND THE PROGRAM JOGUE LIMPO

This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the Reverse Logistics in the management of solid residues through the Jogue Limpo program, an initiative dedicated to the destination and recycling of lubricant packaging. In the current context, where natural resources are scarce, the environmental issue is a factor of differentiation in business, so the destination of the waste we produce along the production chain and the possibility of reuse and mitigation of possible environmental impacts are extremely important for the society. The article seeks to show how the Reverse Logistics is the means to interconnect stakeholders for the correct destination and reuse of resources, as well as the benefits of this initiative for the society.


INTRODUCTION
Over the last years, there is a constant concern for the planet's natural resources and sustainability. The adoption of new techniques, tools, technologies, has contributed significantly in this process. Concern over resource scarcity, pollution of the environment and forms of responsible consumption triggers the concern about the ultimate destination of what remains of the process after consumption.
In this context in particular there are types of packaging that are important that have a differential treatment in their return to the production process and reuse and its correct destination, because it contains products that are highly polluting to the soil and water, for example lubricants, which are oil-derived and in contact with the soil cause enormous environmental damage.
However, the fact that there is currently innovation in environmentally sustainable packaging is not enough if there is not, above all, a waste management policy that can guarantee the tracking of packaging along the consumption chain and the post-consumption return. This management is only possible from the involvement of those responsible for the supply chain that is currently called reverse logistics. The aim of reverse logistics is to promote the set of actions and practices that guarantees the return of waste to the production process and the responsible disposal of what cannot be reused. Initiatives such as the Jogue Limpo program show the reverse logistics in practice.

METHODOLOGY USED
The report will be done through a case study of a descriptive and qualitative character, since it reports and analyzes the Jogue Limpo program and the value of the reverse logistics in the management of residues of lubricating packaging.
One of the methods for data collection and survey will be based on the use of information about structured and informative interviews with managers and information, conducted through basically two forms: the first one is intended to the survey of characteristics of the Jogue Limpo program and how it performs the reverse logistics, and the second is to investigate the reasons why it is important to implement this program. http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236 According to Yin (2001), one of the most important sources of information for a case study is the interviews, as this nature of the interviews allows you to both inquire about the facts in a way and ask for their opinion about certain events, and in some situations you may even ask the respondent to present their own interpretations of certain events.

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Data collection will also be used based on the method of documentation and records in files for use in conjunction with other sources of information. According to Yin (2001), documents perform an obvious role in any data collection, when conducting case studies, because systematic searches for documents are important in any planning for the survey.

REVERSE LOGISTICS
To define the concepts that guide Reverse Logistics, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the evolution of the Logistics concept and its importance to the results. According to Moura (1989, p. 26, our translation), it is understood that: [...] It is possible to define the company's logistic system as the set of resources (manpower, production resources, machines, vehicles, handling and storage elements) employed to physically develop all manufacturing, storage and handling operations, which ensure the flow of materials from the suppliers to the customer0 F 1 .
Logistics can be conceptualized as the part of Supply Chain Management that plans, implements and controls the flow and the efficient and economical storage of raw materials, semi-finished materials and finished products, as well as information about them, from the point of origin to the point of consumption, in order to meet the requirements of customers (CARVALHO, 2002, p. 31).
Until the 80's, the concept of Logistics was only approached about the prism from the raw material, to the end customer, not caring about the waste of this process. With the evolution of Logistics itself as a science, the increase in the structure of operations, processes, tools and indicators to measure the results of  http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236 information flows and goods in the world, such as the Supply Chain Management, the Lean Manufacturing, the Toyotism, among others, in addition to the advent of concern with the environment, the concept of Logistics was expanded to include all operations from conception, passing through information flows, raw material, manufactured products, passing through the final customer until its correct disposal, reuse or return to the production process.

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This phenomenon was conceptualized as Reverse Logistics, the Logistics area that is concerned with the reverse flows of the post-consumer products, the consumer for the correct disposal and the return to the production process.
It is also defined as: The process of planning, implementing and control of the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the flow of raw materials, process inventories, finished products and the corresponding information from the point of consumption to the point of origin with the purpose of recapturing the value or allocating it to the appropriate layout (ROGERS; TIBBEN-LEMBKE, 1998, p. 2, our translation)1 F 2 .
Reverse Logistics' concern is not only environmental, but also of adding value to the product, or minimizing the use of raw materials incorporating post-consumer waste, and ensuring the proper destination of what can't be reused. For Leite (2003, our translation), Reverse Logistics is: [...] Such as the area of business logistics that plans, operates, and controls the flow and corresponding logistics information from the return of aftersales and post-consumer goods to the business cycle or production cycle, through reverse distribution channels, adding value to them of various natures: economic, ecological, legal, logistic, corporate image, among others2 F 3 . Liva et al. (2003) divides Reverse Logistics into three distinct areas: • Reverse Logistics after sales: responsible for the return flows of products under warranty, or errors of orders, or even returns.
• Reverse Logistics of Packaging: Responsible for packaging flows.
Although included in the two above, there is a special attention due to the fact that a packaging has a significant cost in the productive process.
Within these three large areas of Reverse Logistics, are concentrated the activities as the illustration below. Residues from establishments that centralize collections are directed to the following activities of the reverse process: • Disposal: Waste that can't be recycled or those after a previous separation can't be reused and are directed to the ground according to the legal requirements; • Recycling: Consumables that can be recycled are separated and directed to reprocessing and creating new products returning to the productive cycle of the same or another product.
• Reconditionnement: Possibility of products that can be reconditioned or repaired to be re-placed in the market. http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236 • Resell: There is also the possibility of resale of the inputs provided by Reverse Logistics to others suppliers who are dedicated to feed back the production cycle.

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• Return to supplier: The return to the supplier is something constant within the systems of reverse logistics, mainly of packaging that return to the productive cycle.
Below is an illustration that shows how these activities work: According to the website "Tudo sobre Plástico" ("All About Plastic", our translation), HDPE has as its main characteristics the chemical resistance, the lower viscosity and the higher hardness that is the result of the manufacturing process. http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236 According to the product catalog of Hipermetal, others characteristics of HDPE are the low coefficient of friction, being weldable, easy to be moldable and can be printed and non-stick.
According to the information portal of the company Asta Química, HDPE, by its characteristics, is used mainly in cosmetic packaging, chemical and cleaning products, pipes for chemicals and gas products, and even fuel tanks for automotive vehicles. In the figure below, some HDPE packaging used for lubricant storage. After separation, the HDPE packaging goes through a wash where the residues (lubricating oils) are separated for refining. After this, it passes through the drying, agglutination, extrusion and cooling to be granulated for later use.
Each plastic packaging has a symbology that indicates the type of plastic resin used in the packaging. According to the norm ABNT NBR 13230/2008, uses numbers from 1 to 7 involved on a triangle of three arrows according to the models below. What the HDPE indicates is number 2. The recycling of HDPE comes in Brazil, especially with the implementation of specific environmental legislation and a Reverse Logistics program that guarantees the collection of packaging, which will be dealt in the next chapters.

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION -NATIONAL SOLID WASTE POLICY
The regulatory issues about the correct disposal of waste from lubricant packages and their debris have long been in Brazil. Unfortunately, it took time to regulate the issue and there are still major shortcomings to be demanded.

JOGUE LIMPO PROGRAM
The Companies), the companies of the lubricants sector assumed shared responsibility with manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers. According to the agreement provides that: • Consumer: Return the used packaging to the dealer or distributor, preferably where it was purchased.
• Retail Trade / Retail / Distributor: Store correctly and make available to the Program Receipts; • Manufacturers and Importer: Maintain a Reverse Logistics system, receive from the dealer or Distributor and make the process of recycling or correct disposal of the debris.
After the Industry Agreement, each state has a State agreement, where a compromise term is signed where there are the main goals and obligations of the agents involved. Each state makes a bid for the choice of the company that will be responsible for the collection and destination of the packaging. Below is an image that shows how the Jogue Limpo program works: http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236   After collection in the establishments, the trucks take the packaging to the Receiving Centers where the material is pressed and stored to be sent to the recycling process. http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236   Therefore, the Jogue Limpo program is being implemented in Brazil, and its future goal is to expand to the states of the Midwest and North of the country and in http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236 the states of Maranhão and Piauí, and the implementation of a new modeling in these states, called PEVs -Points of Voluntary Deliveries, instead of the collection system.

DISCUSSION
In Brazil, the sector responsible for the recycling processes of used packaging is still very small. It is necessary to encourage the recycling sector, because despite an advanced legislation, there are not incentives for the sector. The reduction of taxes could be a way to encourage the sector, since we are still crawling on the question recycling of many products.
Another important issue is to oblige manufacturers to develop a packaging traceability program, because this would bring greater results to the Jogue Limpo program, as well as being able to control the amount of packaging from which they are being recycled. This control will also guide decisions such as which packaging continues to produce, or how to effectively improve the distribution of products, for example. The National Solid Waste Policy was essential for the introduction of the Reverse Logistics culture of waste, especially those listed in national legislation.
They did not only create the Jogue Limpo program, but also some other companies specialized in this operation. However, there are still many conflicts with state and municipal legislations. There is a need for clearer environmental legislation, with more objective criteria. http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 8, n. 5, Special Edition IFLOG 2016ISSN: 2236

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The present article demonstrated through the Jogue Limpo program the importance of Reverse Logistics for the return and correct disposal of waste. Each day, whether due to government requirements or cost reduction, the company has expanded its collection of waste that is being used, mainly for reuse in the production process and this is the main purpose: generate value on what until a time was discarded and took many years for its decomposition into the environment.
Reverse Logistics is the means by which companies capture their waste and transform it into business opportunities. In addition to generating dividends, Reverse Logistics is responsible for new products, mainly due to the change of focus and the design of sustainable products, which are more easily returnable to their manufacturers.
Initiatives like the Jogue Limpo program are guiding to the expansion and accountability / awareness of other sectors of the Brazilian economy, about the need for Reverse Logistics introduced in its production processes. Initiatives such as Jogue Limpo will be replicated to other products.
However, despite the initiative being an important step, there are still many challenges. One of them is to create incentives to increase the collection of lubricant packaging. Many customers still do not have the environmental conscience to deliver empty containers in the stores, discarding them in an inappropriate place.
Encouraging the customer through subsidies and benefits in fuel stations so that he would return to the establishment would be feasible for all involved.
Finally, the Jogue Limpo program is a very important initiative, but for it to be expanded, it is necessary the participation of all those involved in the product value chain, and the commitment of all parties to expand the program and increase the quantity of packaging collected. Reverse Logistics is the process that makes all these happen, but for this must be well planned and structured. One must think of all the constraints to achieve the programmed efficiency, and even if it is only at the beginning, you may already consider it satisfactory to arrive until here.