Lavinia
Lopes de Mello
Universidade
de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
E-mail: lavinia97@hotmail.com
Débora
Desconsi Sutero
Universidade
Franciscana, Brazil
E-mail: deborasutero@hotmail.com
Luis
Carlos Alves da Silva
Universidade
de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
E-mail: luiscarlosalves0207@gmail.com
Maicon da
Silva
Universidade
de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
E-mail: maicon213@bol.com.br
Fernando
Batista Bandeira da Fontoura
Universidade
de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
E-mail: fbfontoura@unisc.br
Submission: 7/25/2020
Revision: 8/4/2020
Accept: 8/20/2020
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the applicability of the
five steps of the theory of restrictions as an alternative for improving the
efficiency of processes in a public organization. Methodologically the study is
characterized as descriptive and exploratory, with bibliographic research and
data analysis being performed qualitatively. The research was carried out in
loco, through the observation technique. As main results of the research, the
feasibility and importance of the application of the tool is ratified, directly
impacting on efficiency and quality maximization in the services offered to
society and optimizing public resources, which can be applied in other sectors
of our society. With the efficiency in achieving the applicability of the five
steps of the theory of restrictions, the management and identification of the
bottleneck in the process of cooperation agreements contributed to speed up
public service. The research becomes relevant since it encourages the
application of the theory of restrictions in public entities, being a tool for
identifying restrictions in processes, providing greater protection against
human weaknesses and also reducing the possibility of errors and
irregularities, demonstrating care with public resources to the population and
applying them efficiently.
Keywords: Teory of Restrictions; Public
Organization; Public Administration; Management.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Theory of
Restrictions (TOC) is a methodology applied to identify limiting factors, which
refer to restriction, directly impacting the execution of an objective. This
theory can be applied in public or private organizations, provided that the
limitations of processes are measured and it is also an important tool for
planning results (Bornia, 2010; Fontoura, 2013; Fontoura & Pozzebon, 2016).
Thus, public
organizations inserted in a new governmental scenario are increasingly
susceptible to budget cuts and blockades, in addition to bureaucratic processes
and cast structures, which prevent efficiency in achieving their goals.
Therefore, the evaluation of the performance of public entities regarding
transparency, computerization and accountability currently has a greater demand
for society, although the improvement in the management of organizations is
still a challenge for the Public Administration.
In this sense, the TOC
methodology can contribute to the restrictive identification, through the
application of five steps of the process of focusing on TOC in the process of
Cooperation Agreements in a Public Institution in the area of Education. On the
other hand, it is necessary that these entities develop alternative actions,
identifying bottlenecks that prevent the efficient execution of services.
The theory of
restrictions assumes that every entity has a restriction that limits the
performance of its activities in achieving its goals, considering that the main
goal of every company is profitability and that if there were no limitations
the gains would be infinite (Gibbon, Gonçalves & Rodrigues, 2008).
According to the authors, this is explained by the fact that the use of OCD
values the overall result to the detriment of the parties' results, emphasizing
the restrictions that are the obstacles of the system, so that they will not harm
the overall profitability of the company and the achievement of its goals.
In addition, TOC
presents itself as an alternative for implementing improvements in the system,
in which it simplifies costs and directs the organization to its path, the
goal, which is profit (Goldratt & Cox, 1993). Based on the initial
assumptions of the theme of this study, an analysis was carried out in
correlated studies published in public entities for references and to present
the applicability in the sector, in order to provide better quality of services
and efficiency of public administration, being identified the following
studies: Management of Restrictions in Public Health Organizations: A Process
of Continuous Improvement, by Sabbadini, Gonçalves and Oliveira (2006) and
"The Contribution of the Theory of Restrictions to the Procurement Process
of Military Organizations of the Brazilian Army", by Luchi (2006).
Therefore, this study
aims to answer the following research question: How to analyze the five steps
of implementing restrictive factors in a public organization? This article aims
to analyze the applicability of the five steps of the theory of restrictions as
an alternative to improve the efficiency of processes in a public organization.
The relevance of this
study is justified, through the contribution of TOC as a theory of business
management, as the detection of the constraints of a productive system depends
greatly on the characteristics of each type of segment. This study reinforces
the importance of the application of the five steps of TOC in a Public
Institution in the area of Education, in which a limited amount of studies
related to the public area is presented, which demonstrates the thinking of
methodologies aimed at the effectiveness of public management.
Having said that, this
article was organized as follows: the first part refers to this introduction.
The following section deals with the theoretical synthesis on the theme and its
contextualization’s. In section 3 (three) the research methodology is presented.
The results are explained, analyzed and discussed in section 4 (four). Finally,
the last part addresses the final considerations, which aim to indicate new
research possibilities.
2.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
Through the conceptualization, we
will seek evidence, in this chapter, the view of different authors and
legislations on the subject of this research, and that, later, will serve to
support the analysis of the results and final considerations.
The theory of restrictions (TOC)
emerges as a management model that considers any manageable system to be
limited in achieving more than its goals by a very small number of constraints,
which prevent organizations from achieving a better level of performance,
therefore, they must be identified and managed to increase the operational
result, generating a process of continuous improvement.
This theory began when Dr. Eliyahu
Goldratt, an Israeli physicist, was asked to design a production programming
system for a friend's chicken coop plant (Sipper & Bulfin, 1997). Already
in the 80's, the system was improved, through it developed a software for use
in optimized production environments, this is now marketed under the name of
OPT, Optimized Production Technology.
While the software system was
developing and undergoing improvements in the productive environments of
organizations, OPT began to develop the OPT management strategy and its rules,
which evolved, towards a more complete and robust management analysis, going on
to work with cost reduction, which later came to be known as TOC.
The evolutionary process of TOC, at
times faced many barriers, especially the cultural ones that existed in
organizations, in this context Goldratt was motivated to write the book
("The Goal"), in which are presented the principles of the theory
developed, and its main focus, which was to identify production bottlenecks
that can generate inefficiency throughout the process limiting it as a whole in
an organization (Goldratt & Cox, 1990). In Brazil, the theory of
restrictions began to be introduced in 1984, with the translation of the book
into Portuguese.
The TOC assumes that every
organization has a restriction that limits the performance of its activities in
achieving its goals, given that the main goal of a private organization is
profitability and that, if there were no limitations, the gains would be
infinite.
The idea of the theory of
restrictions focused on restriction as the main point to be analyzed in the
industrial, administrative, purchasing, logistics environment, among other
processes, as in this essay the application for public sector activities (Cox
& Schleier, 2013).
From the understanding that in some
period of time at least a restriction that limits the performance of a system
in relation to the achievement of its results, can happen in an organization
whether private or public, understand the steps of the five processes that TOC
provides, can improve the performance of the system with identification of the
restriction.
In this context, the five steps for
the continuous improvement of the process by TOC (Noreen, Smith & Mackey,
1996):
a) Identify the restriction of the
system. Constraints must be identified because they determine the flow of the
system. In a well-managed organization, the restrictions are easy to find;
b) exploit system constraints. After
identifying the constraint in the system it should be optimized to make the
system more efficient and increase the resource capacity rate;
c) Subordinate all other resources to
the restriction. This step consists of making all other activities subject to
restriction;
d) Lift restrictions. The organization
should seek to relax the restriction, which means in some way increasing its
production capacity;
e) Return to the first step if a
constraint is elevated and does not let inertia be more of a system constraint;
The five measures presented have as
main factor the gain. Maximizing this gain is the main premise of the theory of
constraints, in contrast to the traditional theoretical framework aimed at
reducing costs. As there is always a restriction in the system, it seeks to
eliminate it in order to increase the gain of production and efficiency in
activities coordinated by the public and private sectors.
According to Goldratt and Cox
(2003), it is important that, after these five steps, if the productive
capacities have been changed and the restriction has already been remedied, the
whole system is revised so that the inertia itself does not take over the
system and becomes a restriction, thus ensuring the improvement in the process.
By analyzing the five steps of the
TOC, in a public or private organization, the manager is applying a methodology
that allows the identification of failures in the processes, enabling the
management of activities and the search for efficiency, and can also develop
appropriate management accounting tools to support decisions that involve the
management of these processes.
Accounting in public activity is
based on Law 4,320 of March 17, 1964, in which it established the general rules
of financial law for the preparation and control of budgets and balance sheets
of the union, states, municipalities and the Federal District, in which it
cites, "the accounting will show before the public treasury the situation
of all those, in any case, collect revenue, make expenses, manage or store assets
owned or entrusted to it”.
In addition, Brazilian accounting
standards (NBC) also present public accounting as the science that performs the
information-generating process guided by the set of principles and norms that
direct the control of the assets of public entities, providing users with
budgetary, financial and economic information, and decisions and projections
for the coming periods (NBC 16.1, 2013).
Also according to NBC 16.1, (2013),
the field of application of accounting applied to the public sector covers all
entities that make up the sector, observing the standards and techniques of
accounting applied to public sectors, considering the following scope: (a)
fully, government entities, social services and professional councils; (b)
partially, the other entities of the public sector, to ensure sufficient
procedures for accountability and instrumentalization of social control.
According to the accounting manual
applied to the public sector (MCASP) (2014), it has as its main objective the
provision of services to society, unlike private companies that aim at profit.
In addition, it also presents that these entities are differentiated from other
entities considering that their revenue collected is basically composed of
taxes and contributions, due to the importance of the public budget required by
legislation, long-term programs, and supervision of society in the management
of these companies.
Accounting is considered as a key
piece assisting in budget execution, providing the public manager with a
detailed analysis of data, being considered an important tool in the
decision-making process, demonstrating the positive and negative effects of
administrative acts related to the budget and measuring possible restrictions
that may cause inefficiency to achieve the stipulated goals.
Given the importance of accounting
for public management, among the various accounting tools that can be applied,
we will work with the application of the five steps of the theory of
restrictions (TOC) continuously, in order to identify the possible restrictions
for the provision of services in the public sector, using this information to
improve the performance of the areas involved.
According to Kohama, (2014), the
public sector needs to efficiently control all its operations, providing
greater protection against human weaknesses and also reducing the possibility
of errors and irregularities, demonstrating care for resources and applying
them efficiently. Thus, with the application of the five steps of the TOC,
public managers will no longer rely solely and exclusively on traditional cost
calculation patterns, arising from expenses of tangible and intangible assets,
reducing the risk of analyzing incorrect variables and making decisions that
can generate some kind of financial risk.
The application of TOC theory is not
something common, but it needs to function as a flow, where each department
corresponds to a link, interconnected with all areas, generating an exchange of
information with each other. However, each department needs to perform its
functions interdependently, so that the possible inefficiency of the identified
system does not compromise the process as a whole.
In this context, as described by
Goldratt (2003), all efforts to manage processes, according to the precepts of
the theory of restrictions, must comply with a five-step methodology to focus
on the continuous improvement in the capacities required by the system aiming
at global gain.
3.
METHODOLOGY
This is a bibliographical research,
which consists in the examination of the scientific literature for the survey
and analysis of what has already been produced on a given theme. The
bibliographical research according to Cervo and Bervian (1983, p.55), is the
one that "explains a problem from theoretical references published in
documents".
In this sense, it is possible to
observe that when the study refers to a bibliographical research, based on this
research should then present a result for the analyzed situation, contributing
to its area of activity. Thus, the study was developed in a Public Institution
in the area of Education.
The following were used as a source
of information and inclusion criteria in the study: articles indexed in spell
platforms - Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library, SciELO - Scientific
Electronic Library Online, and google scholar, from January 2000 to May 2019;
identifying in this period, the proposals and trends on the theme theory of
restrictions in public and private organizations. In addition, the term
"theory of restrictions" was used to carry out the research as a
descriptor.
First, a bibliographic review was
made, through a survey on the Spell platform, in which 24 (twenty-four)
references were identified using the keyword "theory of
restrictions". In order to increase the number of references, a review was
made on the Scielo and Google Scholar platform, where 7 (seven) articles and 4
(four) articles were found, respectively. Data tabulation was performed through
the SPSS program, which is a software that allows statistical analysis of data
and then tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet.
Data analysis was performed by
segregating the following data: classification of articles by year; number of
authors per article; authors with a higher number of articles in the sample
analyzed; articles related to public organizations and classifies qualis capes
of the journals. That said, we analyzed all the articles found, in which two
(2) of them were related to the application of TOC in public organizations, and
the others dealt with the application of TOC in the private sector.
The categories were established
before the field work, in the exploratory phase, which is pertinent, because
according to Minayo (1996), the researcher can define the categories to be
investigated before the field work and after data collection, he can also
reformulate them aiming at the classification of the data found in his field
work.
4.
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF
RESULTS
The Spell, Scielo and Google Scholar
platform, respectively, published in the years 2000-2019, 35 (thirty-five)
articles referring to the theme "theory of restrictions". According
to the descriptors determined in the methodology, Figure 1 demonstrates the
distribution of publications in the periods analyzed per year.
Figure
1: Distribution of articles by year surveyed
Source: Prepared by the
authors based on the research
Figure 1 shows that the
first publications on the theme theory of restrictions took place in 2004, with
(2) two publications. In 2012, it was the period with the highest incidence of
publications (13). As the theory of restrictions focuses on application in the
industrial sector, which considers the need to identify the restriction in
production processes, the main researches were concentrated in private
companies, focusing on the identification of production bottlenecks, in order
to improve their profitability.
Once the bottleneck is
identified, it should be occupied all the time of its availability (Rodrigues
& Peixoto, 2015), causing the restricted resource to be used at its maximum
capacity. This decision is important because a lost hour in the bottleneck is a
lost hour in the entire system (Goldratt & Cox, 1990). The two studies that
were applied in the public sector were conducted in 2006.
Table 1 shows the
authors who had the highest number of publications on the subject.
Table 1: Authors with the highest number of
articles in the sample analyzed
Authors |
Publications |
Institution to which it belongs |
Samuel Cogan |
9 |
Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro |
Daniel Pacheco
Lacerda |
4 |
University of Vale
do Rio dos Sinos |
Luis Henrique
Rodrigues |
3 |
Federal University
of Rio Grande do Sul |
Anderson Chaves da
Silva |
2 |
Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro |
Carlos Alexandre Nascimento
Wanderley |
2 |
Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro |
Júlio César Bastos
de Figueiredo |
2 |
University of São
Paulo |
Rodrigo Santana de
Almeida |
2 |
Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro |
Other |
107 |
- |
Source: Prepared by the
authors based on the research
Table 1, among the
authors who published the most on the theme theory of restrictions, stands out
Samuel Cogan, Professor in graduate studies - MBA in business finance at the
Faculty of Administration and Accounting Sciences - UFRJ/FACC, who, in addition
to the localized articles, also carried out the orientation of papers,
presentation of seminars and congresses containing the methodology of the
theory of restrictions.
Prof. Dr. Daniel Pacheco
Lacerda, Coordinator of the Bachelor's Degree in Production Engineering/UNISINOS,
in addition to the identified publications, taught disciplines related to the
theory of restrictions in supply chains, and has the methodology of restriction
as one of his lines of research, in addition to participation in meetings, congresses,
stalls and orientations of graduation and master's degree. The author taught a
course of "advanced training in the themes toyota production system,
theory of constraints, systemic thinking and innovation in 2013".
Prof. Dr. Luis Henrique
Rodrigues, professor at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, in addition to
publications located on the platforms, since 1998 has been publishing papers
with the researched methodology: theory of restrictions - An analysis of the
actions of improvements necessary to lift the capacity of the restrictions.
Soon after in table 2, the journals that had the highest frequency of
publications during the research period are presented.
Table 2: Ranking of journals by frequency of
publications
Journals |
Publications |
Frequency |
Gestão & Produção (UFSCAR. Printed) |
5 |
14,29% |
Produção Online (São Paulo Printed) |
2 |
5,71% |
Revista de Administração da Unimep |
2 |
5,71% |
Revista de Administração Mackenzie |
2 |
5,71% |
Other |
24 |
68,58% |
Source: Prepared by the
authors based on the research
In table 2, we can
observe that the journal Management & Production presented the largest
number of publications on the theme theory of restrictions, the journal has a
continuous flow of quarterly publications published by the department of production
engineering (DEP) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). Its mission
is to be a means of dissemination of original works and that present important
scientific research and results for the areas of Administration and Production
Engineering, through empirical, theoretical and simulation studies.
Then, three journals appear that had
two publications each on the subject. The Online Production Magazine, a journal
of ABEPRO, which aims to qualify and give ample visibility to the scientific production
of the area of Production Engineering and related areas. Unimep's Management
Journal, whose mission is to contribute to the improvement and dissemination of
knowledge in Business Administration through the publication of research
papers, theoretical analyses and reviews. Finally, we have the Mackenzie
Management Journal, whose mission is to contribute to the excellence of
academic activities in the area of knowledge of business administration and to
the development of administrative action in organizations, through
dissemination of scientific research papers in the form of theoretical
development articles and unpublished theoretical-empirical articles, quality
and generating new knowledge in the field, with significant magnitude of
contribution.
The other journals presented only
one publication in the analyzed period. Next, table 3 presents the qualis capes
classification of each journal.
Table 3: Classification qualis capes of the
journals that published on the subject
Qualis journals |
Quantities |
Frequency |
A2 |
6 |
17,15% |
B1 |
12 |
34,28% |
B2 |
14 |
40,00% |
B3 |
3 |
8,57% |
Source: Prepared by the
authors based on the research
Table 3 presents the qualis of the
journals that published on the subject, which is the set of procedures used by
Capes to stratify the quality of intellectual production. Thus, they are
classified from A1 to C, where classification A represents a better stratum. In
the articles analyzed, 17.15% (6) were published in journals with A2
classification, demonstrating the quality of the researches performed. It is
noted that a large majority of publications were carried out in journals with
classification B, being 40% of the publications (14), carried out in journals
classified as B2.
Figure 2 shows the word cloud, which
represents the keywords, used in the 35 articles identified in the search. To
perform the figure was used the program jasondavies, which demonstrates the
degree of frequency of each keyword used, those words that appear more clearly
in the figure are the ones that were used more often. In this context, the
words "theory" and "restrictions" are the ones that appear
most frequently in published articles. Following the words "process",
"reality", "improvement", "production" also
appear with some frequency.
Figura 2: Nuvem de palavras
Fonte: Elaborado pelos autores
com base na pesquisa
After
analyzing the information identified in the bibliographical research, about the
publications on the subject and its applicability in public and private
organizations, in the next chapter an analysis of the publications related to
the application of TOC in the public sector will be carried out.
After identifying the studies that
deal with the application of the theory of restrictions in public
organizations, we set out to perform an analysis of the two cases, in order to
demonstrate the operationalization of the application of TOC. The first article
is titled "Restriction Management in Public Health Organizations: A
Process of Continuous Improvement" and its authors are: Sabbadini,
Gonçalves and Oliveira, (2006). This study points to the deficit of
publications in the health area and presents the use of TOC in the cancer
treatment center of the National Cancer Institute (INCA) and in a hospital
emergency unit.
As main results, there was a
productivity gain in the direction of the organization's goal, thus enabling a
greater number of cases of emergency patients to be attended, while improving
the quality of care to them. The experiments carried out allowed anticipating
consequences of operational changes before its implementation in the real
system, without generating high burdens, in a complex sector, with high costs
and high risks, as is a hospital emergency unit, which involves the care of
human lives.
The second article is titled
"The Contribution of the Theory of Restrictions to the Purchasing Process
of The Brazilian Army Military Organizations" and its author is: Luchi
(2006). Through an exploratory research, the author describes that the
application of TOC can contribute to various processes of military
organizations and also made use of the process of focusing on the five steps of
the theory of restrictions, applied in the procurement process of military
organizations.
In the application of the five steps
of the TOC, it was identified that the restriction was concentrated in the
bidding phase and, soon after, it was explored, in order to define the
improvements, suggesting the preparation of bidding notices every two weeks,
consolidating their demands and sequence of own calendar of activities, without
the interruption of the members for other activities and with computer
equipment with their proper capacity of use.
Subsequently, the pre-bidding phases
were adjusted for adjustment throughout the process. In this article, the need
for its own analysis was reiterated, since each organization has its
characteristics. The application of the theory of restrictions provided a
better efficiency in the realization of the process of purchase of the military
organization, object of the study.
The two cases presented, despite
representing a small universe in relation to the total number of publications
dealing with the application of the theory of restrictions in private and
public sectors, show that the application of the five steps of TOC in the
public sector brought benefits to the institutions that applied the concepts of
theory, bringing financial gains after its application.
According to the application
of the theory of restrictions in a public organization in the area of
education, the observation of the process of cooperation agreements was carried
out. The need for speed in this process was identified, as it directly contributes
to the development of teaching, research and extension activities, in addition
to the mutual contribution to cooperative companies.
In this sense, the process of
cooperation agreements begins with the manifestation of the institution or
company concerned and, after that, each project/agreement must have a
coordinator. This coordination remains responsible for contact, survey of legal
documentation, analysis and verification of forms related to the companies
involved. After receiving all documentation and filling out forms, it is
necessary to prepare the draft and activity plan of said contract and, having
the agreement of all participants, the next phase is the signatures for the
realization of the agreement.
According to the process
described, the following phases of the five-step focus process of the theory of
constraints, presented in Chart 1, were applied.
Chart 1: Five steps
theory of constraints.
Steps |
Procedures |
1º
Restriction Identification |
The first stage of the Five-Step Focus Process is to identify the
restriction in the Cooperation Agreements process, at this stage it was
identified that the restriction in the process is presented by the delay of
the Project Coordinator when receiving the necessary documents and
preparation of other relevant forms. In addition, it was identified that the
other phases do not consume a large amount of time, thus concentrating all
the restriction on a given activity. It is observed that in the process the
restriction is presented by the difficulty of focusing on the survey, filling
and analysis of documents for the elaboration of the process. |
2º Decision on How to Exploit
Restriction |
The second stage of the Five-Step Focus Process is based on the
exploration of the restriction to the maximum in the process, there was the
pending of numerous cooperation agreements without finalization, in this
sense there is a great importance for the entity to sign Cooperation
Agreements, since the development occurs in a mutual way for all
participants. First to meet this demand, the verification and availability of
the agreement server was performed to be responsible for the request and
analysis of documentation, preparation of reports, drafts, and, establishment
of the process in the electronic platform, making the Agreement available
only for the final phase and signature of the legal representatives of the
organization, together with the Project Coordinator. |
3º Subordination of All Other
Restrictions |
The third stage of the Five-Step Focusing Process presents the
subordination of the other phases of the process to the restrictive phase,
that is, working together with the other phases so that the restriction does
not occur again, so that the entire week will be sent to the Coordinator
along with the entire Unit Direction, if there is any pending documentation
related to the agreements. After, the documentation phase will always be
instigated and regularized by the process people, so all phases are subject
to restriction. |
4º Elevation of Restriction |
The fourth step of the Five-Step Focus Process is to increase the
capacity of the constraint. The elevation in this phase was performed by the
adoption of systematization, since previously the process did not present
electronic and integrated phases. The current process is being satisfactory
in the Unit, with no need for elevation, even though the sequence of the
process and its completion is performed in the Matrix Unit. Thus, the fourth
stage of the Five-Step Focusing Process is considered fulfilled. |
5º Return to The First Stage |
The fifth stage of the Five-Step Focus Process consists of verifying the
phase of the process in which a new restriction begins in the speed of the
cooperation agreement process. Thus, it was found that there are improvements
in the process, and the speed is being maintained efficiently because it is
only influenced in its capacity by external factors to the Unit. |
Source: Prepared by the
authors based on the research
After
applying the five stages of the theory of restrictions in the entity, it is
observed that the stage of the process that presented restriction was the phase
of survey of the legal documentation analysis and preparation of contracts,
which presented excess time spent to release these contracts, which was
identified as the bottleneck of the process.
To remedy the problem, initially it
was verified with the server responsible for the contracts of agreements the
availability for the execution of the activity of survey, analysis and
realization of cooperation agreements, which would no longer be under the
conduct of the coordinator of the agreement. After the acceptance of the
server, the process that was previously carried out in physical format, began
to be carried out on an electronic platform, providing more speed to the process
and, finally, would be available for analysis and signature of the coordinator
and managers.
In the course of the steps of the
theory, it is analyzed that, after the application of the four previous steps,
there is no need to return to the first stage, because the solution of the
bottleneck in the process was performed efficiently, contributing to the
agility of the activities.
5.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The present study aimed to verify
the applicability of the five steps of the theory of restrictions as an
alternative to process efficiency, assisting public management in solving these
problems.
Management based on the theory of
constraints takes on a strategic dimension in a complex environment that is the
public sector. Your main challenge is to permanently manage resources. By
redirecting the actions of improvement in the processes performed and, after,
identifying the bottlenecks, one can adjust the capacity to demand and act at
the points of the system where the benefits of the change will have
repercussion on the increase in the capacity of the exercise of activities at a
specific point in the sector, improving the overall performance of the entity.
The application of bibliographic
research identified thirty-five publications in the researched platforms, in
which only two deal with the application of the theory of restrictions in the
public sector. The results presented by the two public institutions show us
that management based on the theory of constraints is able to identify
bottlenecks in the processes performed and, at the same time, allows managers
to resize the actions of improvements to meet the demands that these entities
have, in an agile way, enabling time gain and greater efficiency of the
processes.
On the other hand, the
"practical" application of the five steps of the theory of
restrictions in a public agency in the area of education, showed that the
bottleneck in the process was the excess of time spent to carry out the
activity of surveying the legal documentation, analysis and drafting of
contracts. To solve this bottleneck, it was possible to verify the availability
of the server responsible for the contracts of agreements to include in its
activities the realization of cooperation agreements and, also, the change of
the physical format of documents to the electronic format, contributing to the
efficiency of the process.
As main results of the research, the
feasibility and importance of the application of the tool is ratified, directly
impacting on the efficiency and maximization of quality in the services offered
to society and optimizing public resources, which may be applied in other
sectors of our society. With the efficiency in achieving the applicability of
the five steps of the theory of restrictions, the management and identification
of the bottleneck in the process of cooperation agreements contributed to the
speed in the public service.
As limitations of the study, it is
noteworthy that bibliographic research focused on scientific publications
classified as articles in national journals, not including the analysis of
international studies on the subject.
For future research it is suggested
that more studies be carried out in the public area in order to apply the
theory of restrictions in other services offered, because, in this way, it is
possible to find alternatives for process improvements and efficient results in
public management.
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